Dried chili seeds separator machine

Chili is a fruit of Capsicum plants [1]. The fruit is known as vegetable which is cultivated as food. Also, it is known as ‘Lada’ (in East Coast) or chili. It produces small flowers that turn into fruits in every branch of leaves. Chili is rich in vitamin C, vitamin A and minerals such as iron, calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium. Moreover, this vegetable is said to be worth in terms of relieving pain associated with obesity. Besides, it is good for blood circulation and to sore throat infections. Additionally, Cayenne pepper contains substance that prevents blood clotting, from a disease called thrombosis [2]

Penderaan Ekonomi Mangsa Keganasan Rumah Tangga: Perspektif Pengamal

Keganasan rumah tangga merupakan satu fenomena global dalam masyarakat sejak sekian lama yang begitu kompleks dan perlu ditangani dengan sebaiknya. Artikel ini cuba membincangkan salah satu hasil dapatan daripada keseluruhan kajian yang dilaksanakan bagi meneliti isu penderaan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan kewangan mangsa keganasan rumah tangga. Ia cuba meneroka isu ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh wanita yang menjadi mangsa keganasan rumah tangga daripada perspektif pengamal yang mengendalikan keskes sebegini. Data kajian kualitatif ini diperoleh semasa temubual dan perbincangan kumpulan berfokus (FGD) dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan analisis tematik. Seramai lima belas orang kakitangan atau pengamal di Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat telah diminta untuk berkongsi pengalaman mereka berkenaan isu pengendalian kes mangsa keganasan rumah tangga serta konflik kewangan dan kesejahteraan ekonomi wanita yang menjadi mangsa penderaan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa isu-isu penderaan ekonomi dan kewangan tertumpu kepada isu pekerjaan dan sumber pendapatan serta kebergantungan si pelaku dan mangsa, isu gaya hidup negatif pelaku dan kawalan pelaku kepada sumber kewangan yang dijana oleh mangsa

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Mechanical and biodegradation properties of fresh and rotten jicama starches based bioplastics

Recently, starch-based bioplastics have been proposed to curb the problem caused by conventional plastics. Yet, current bioplastics are made from food sources which cause competition with food industries. Hence, we have produced bioplastics using rotten starch-based material to tackle this problem. In this study, a comprehensive investigation has been carried out on the preparation of bioplastics extracted from fresh jicama (FJ) and rotten jicama (RJ). Specifically, glycerol as the plasticizer and starch contents were varied to obtain bioplastic with the optimum properties via tensile, chemical and thermal characterizations. The results have confirmed that both FJ and RJ starch bioplastics possessed similar characteristics in terms of physical appearance, transparency and chemical functionalities. Moreover, the tensile and thermal properties of RJ and FJ bioplastics fall within the range specification for packaging applications. FJ bioplastic has maximum stress of 0.43 MPa and maximum strain of 50 MPa at an optimized concentration (St31%_gly6.75) which tells that they formed stronger and higher flexibility than RJ bioplastics. Importantly, the RJ bioplastics have a faster biodegradation rate compared to FJ bioplastics. In conclusion, bioplastics from rotten starch have properties as good as FJ and served as a feasible platform for the development of bioplastics from rotten sources